Nantong Hengte Tube Co., Ltd
Please contact us by anya(at)hengtetube(dot)com. Nantong Hengte Tube Co., Ltd was established in ***** is a high-tech professional enterprise mainly engaged exploition, production and sales of steel tube. The leading products including series, serial powder coating, Irregular Pips Series, ....
Address:Tianshan Road, Shanghai, China
Product/Service:steel pipe, welded tube, galvanized steel pipe, steel tube,EMT Pipe,Rectangular steel pipe,Square steel pipe,Welded Steel Pipe,Galvanized steel pipe,,steel pipe, welded tube, galvanized steel pipe, steel tube,EMT Pipe,Rectangular steel pipe,Square steel pipe,Welded Steel Pipe,Galvanized steel pipe,
Tianjin ZhaoLiDa Steel Pipe Group
The factory area more than 300000 square meters, More than 10 production line, 600 employees, The biggest daily output more than 2000Tons. Main product square steel pipe, galvanized steel pipe , welded steel pipe and other steel products..
Address:DaQiuZhuang, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
Product/Service:steel pipe,EN39 scaffolding steel pipe,EN 10219 rectangle steel pipe,JIS/G 3466 rectangle steel pipe,BS 1139 scaffolding steel pipe,BS 1387 scaffolding steel pipe,ASTM A53 Hot-dipped galvanized steel pipe,ASTM A500 square steel pipe,Galvanized steel pipe,,steel pipe,EN39 scaffolding steel pipe,EN 10219 rectangle steel pipe,JIS/G 3466 rectangle steel pipe,BS 1139 scaffolding steel pipe,BS 1387 scaffolding steel pipe,ASTM A53 Hot-dipped galvanized steel pipe,ASTM A500 square steel pipe,Galvanized steel pipe,
Liaocheng Yunhe Material CO., LTD
Yunhe material CO., LTD is located in Phoenix Industrial Park and specialized manufacturing seamless steel pipes, welded galvanized coils, PPGI, stainless steels so on. With an experienced professional team, we have exported our products to many countries regions all over the world, especially ....
Address:Limin road, Liaocheng, Shandong, China
Product/Service:seamless steel pipe stainless steel pipe,300 Series Cold&Hot Rolled Stainless Steel Plate,Galvanized steel coil,Hot rolled steel pipe,Stainless steel sheets,Hot rolled square steel pipe,,seamless steel pipe stainless steel pipe,300 Series Cold&Hot Rolled Stainless Steel Plate,Galvanized steel coil,Hot rolled steel pipe,Stainless steel sheets,Hot rolled square steel pipe,
Ocean-Connect International Co., Ltd
Ocean-Connect is a leading international steel pipes manufacturer. We develop, produce and market wide range of customized for industries worldwide. Our head-quarter two main factories are located at the beautiful coastal city Tianjin. With more than 15 years experience in industry, under support from ....
Address:Huake, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
Product/Service:steel pipe, metal furniture,Spiral Steel Pipe,Square Steel Pipe,Small-Bore Steel Pipe,Black Steel Pipe,Round Steel Pipe,Seamless Steel Pipe,,steel pipe, metal furniture,Spiral Steel Pipe,Square Steel Pipe,Small-Bore Steel Pipe,Black Steel Pipe,Round Steel Pipe,Seamless Steel Pipe,
Tianjin Sincere Import&export Co., Ltd.
Tianjin Sincere Export & Import Co., Ltd. a comprehensive company, boasts independent plants for steel products, furniture and other relevant raw materials. Thanks to our strong capacity, reliable quality, low price, diversified variety excellent service, company has won the lion's share of ....
Address:Heping area,tianjin city,China, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
Product/Service:hollow steel pipes &l/t/z steel pipe.,Rectangular steel pipe,LTZ Hollow section,Hot rolled coil,Hot dip galvanized steel pipes,ERW weld round steel tube,Hot dip galvanized steel pipes,Square steel pipe,ERW weld round steel tube,ERW weld round steel tube,,hollow steel pipes &l/t/z steel pipe.,Rectangular steel pipe,LTZ Hollow section,Hot rolled coil,Hot dip galvanized steel pipes,ERW weld round steel tube,Hot dip galvanized steel pipes,Square steel pipe,ERW weld round steel tube,ERW weld round steel tube,
Tianjin Xinlianxin Steel Pipe Co., Ltd.
Founded on July 1st, 2007, Tianjin XinLianXin SteelPipe Co., Ltd. is situated at Economic and Technological Development Zone of Jinghai, Tianjin. Enjoying favorable geographic position convenient transportation. Our company now has over 120 employees, including more than 20 middle or senior ....
Address:No. 8, Juhai Road, Jinghai Development Area, Tianjin, China (Mainland), Tianjin, Tianjin, China
Product/Service:pre galvanized pipe, hot dip galvanized pipe, erw pipe, galvanized round/square/rectangular steel pipe, erw round/square/rectangular steel pipe,,Pre Galvanized Steel Pipe,,pre galvanized pipe, hot dip galvanized pipe, erw pipe, galvanized round/square/rectangular steel pipe, erw round/square/rectangular steel pipe,,Pre Galvanized Steel Pipe,
Suns Steel International Trading Limited Tianjin Company
Established in 1998, Suns Steel International Trading Limited is one of the leading trading companies steel pipes and tubes. Handling about 90, 000 metric tons a year, dealing with more than 50 different manufacturers China, our annual turnover has reached USD80 million. Specifically, main products are ....
Address:Room 1403, beichen Mansion, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
Product/Service:pipes,casing pipes,steel casing pipe,petroleum casing pipes,ssaw pipes,spiral pipes,arc pipes,spiral welding pipes,square tubes,rectangular tubes,erw tubes,seamless pipe,line pipes,steel line pipes,ductile pipes,iron pipes,ductile iron pipes,casing coupling,octg pipe,octg casing,spiral welding pipes,arc welding pipe,ssaw welding pipe,erw square pipe,rectangular steel pipe,steel square tube,seamless tubes,steel pipes,stainless steel pipes,cast iron pipe,water distribution pipe,black iron pipe,ERW Steel Pipe,Corrugated Steel Plate,LSAW Steel Pipe,Deformed Steel Bar,Hot Rolled Steel Coil,Bends,Cold Rolled Steel Coil,Electric Galvanized Steel Coil,I-beam,Channel Steel,Hot Rolled Steel Wire Rod,Angel Bar,Cold Rolled Precision Seamless Steel Tube,Round Bar,H-beam,,pipes,casing pipes,steel casing pipe,petroleum casing pipes,ssaw pipes,spiral pipes,arc pipes,spiral welding pipes,square tubes,rectangular tubes,erw tubes,seamless pipe,line pipes,steel line pipes,ductile pipes,iron pipes,ductile iron pipes,casing coupling,octg pipe,octg casing,spiral welding pipes,arc welding pipe,ssaw welding pipe,erw square pipe,rectangular steel pipe,steel square tube,seamless tubes,steel pipes,stainless steel pipes,cast iron pipe,water distribution pipe,black iron pipe,ERW Steel Pipe,Corrugated Steel Plate,LSAW Steel Pipe,Deformed Steel Bar,Hot Rolled Steel Coil,Bends,Cold Rolled Steel Coil,Electric Galvanized Steel Coil,I-beam,Channel Steel,Hot Rolled Steel Wire Rod,Angel Bar,Cold Rolled Precision Seamless Steel Tube,Round Bar,H-beam,
HEBEI BORUN STEEL TRADE CO., LTD.
Hebei Borun Steel Trade CO., LTD is an experienced manufacturer&exporter of API Oil Casing Pipe, Seamless steel pipe, Linepipe, Hollow Section, Galvanized Pipe etc in China, which located Yanshan Economic Technological Development Zone, a well-known City China. It near to Beijing and Tianjin the north, ....
Address:Jiefang Road, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
Product/Service:the main products contain: seamless steel pipe, api steel pipe( api 5l pipeline, api 5ct steel pipe, oil pipe), erw steel pipe, lsaw steel pipe, ssaw (spiral) steel pipe, square steel tube.,API 5L Line Pipe,API 5CT Casing Pipe,Seamless Square Steel Tube,LSAW Steel Pipe,ERW Steel Pipe,Alloy Seamless Pipe,Hot Rolled Seamless Pipe,Hot Expanding Seamless Pipe,Cold Drawn Seamless Pipe,,the main products contain: seamless steel pipe, api steel pipe( api 5l pipeline, api 5ct steel pipe, oil pipe), erw steel pipe, lsaw steel pipe, ssaw (spiral) steel pipe, square steel tube.,API 5L Line Pipe,API 5CT Casing Pipe,Seamless Square Steel Tube,LSAW Steel Pipe,ERW Steel Pipe,Alloy Seamless Pipe,Hot Rolled Seamless Pipe,Hot Expanding Seamless Pipe,Cold Drawn Seamless Pipe,
Tian Jin He Tu Steel & Hardware Company
Dear Sirs or Madams, We are He Tu Steel Hardwares Co., Ltd in Tian Jin, China. Our company mainly deals with Pipes ( Square and Round), Galvanized Rolled Coil Strip. All of our products good quality favourable prices, we also provide clients proucts under their requirements. hope to establish cooperation ....
Address:ZHZIR, Tian jin, Tian Jin, China
Product/Service:our company mainly deals with steel pipes ( square pipe, round pipe, galvanized pipe, etc), steel rolled coil strips and steel plate, etc. tel:008613821284299,Round Steel Pipe,Square Steel Pipe,Steel Pipe,Steel Rolled Coil,Steel Rolled Coil Strip,,our company mainly deals with steel pipes ( square pipe, round pipe, galvanized pipe, etc), steel rolled coil strips and steel plate, etc. tel:008613821284299,Round Steel Pipe,Square Steel Pipe,Steel Pipe,Steel Rolled Coil,Steel Rolled Coil Strip,
TIANJIN HENGJI STEEL CO., LTD
Tianjin Hengji Steel Co., Ltd. was founded in May 2000. Our company now employs 600 employees of whom 100 are professional technical personnel. is a comprehensive steel manufacturer integrating production, processing and trade all one. The company's premises located China largest production base ....
Address:DAQIUZHUNAG, TIANJIN, China
Product/Service:galvanized steel pipe, erw pipe, square hollow section, rectangular steel pipe, aluzinc steel coils, galvanized steel coils, angle steel bar, ppgi, i beam, u channel, h beam, steel plate,ALUZINC STEEL COILS,ERW STEEL PIPE,SQUARE HOLLOW SECTION,Steel pipe,Galvanized steel pipe,,galvanized steel pipe, erw pipe, square hollow section, rectangular steel pipe, aluzinc steel coils, galvanized steel coils, angle steel bar, ppgi, i beam, u channel, h beam, steel plate,ALUZINC STEEL COILS,ERW STEEL PIPE,SQUARE HOLLOW SECTION,Steel pipe,Galvanized steel pipe,
Tianjin Meng Geer Metal Material Co., Ltd.
Tianjin Meng Geer Metal Mertail Co., Ltd. is a big supplier of different kinds steel products. Our product: ERW pipe, Galvanized Pipe, Rectangular rectangular hollow section, square spiral strips, coils, galvanized Pre-coating H beam, I channel ect. We have lot stocks with good price and perfect quality. ....
Address:Youyi south road, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
Product/Service:offer seamless (smls) steel pipes, straight-seam steel pipes, thermal expansion steel pipe, spiral welded steel pipes, square and rectangular steel pipes, galvanized steel pipes, api steel pipeand, petroleum casing steel pipe, line pipe,Square hollow section,Galvanized steel pipe,,offer seamless (smls) steel pipes, straight-seam steel pipes, thermal expansion steel pipe, spiral welded steel pipes, square and rectangular steel pipes, galvanized steel pipes, api steel pipeand, petroleum casing steel pipe, line pipe,Square hollow section,Galvanized steel pipe,
TIANJIN HONGAODA METAL MATERIAL CO., LTD
Tianjin Hongaoda Metal Material Co., Ltd., founded in 1986 and located Daqiuzhuang Town which is one of the most largest steel bases China. After years development, our company has formed an integrated line production, as well import export trade. Our can produce templates independently. main products ....
Address:Lianmeng RD, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
Product/Service:steel pipe, galvanized steel pipe, steel template, square/rectangular steel pipe, c channel, u channel, z channel, steel coil, tyre protection chain, street lamp pole, oval steel pipe, galvanized square/rectangular steel pipe, steel angle, f steel bar punched,,steel pipe, galvanized steel pipe, steel template, square/rectangular steel pipe, c channel, u channel, z channel, steel coil, tyre protection chain, street lamp pole, oval steel pipe, galvanized square/rectangular steel pipe, steel angle, f steel bar punched,
Tianjin Friend Steel Pipe Co., Ltd
Tianjin Friend steel Pipe Co., Ltd., was established in March of 1998with 550 works and national owned factory. Our company is located the first pipe city Daqiuzhuang east Port International Airport west Jinghu Railway. We enjoy convenient transportation excellent management environment. factory ....
Address:cui zhuang zi developing area, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
Product/Service:steel pipe, galvanized steel pipe, galvanized pipe, carbon steel pipe, erw steel pipe, square pipe, rectangular steel pipe,High Quality Hot Dipped Galvanized Steel Tube,API 5L welded spiral steel pipe,ASTM A53 / BS 1387 ERW Welded Carbon Steel Pipe,Galvanized steel rectangular and square tube,ASTM A 53 / BS1387 High Quality Hot Dipped Galvanized Steel Pipe,,steel pipe, galvanized steel pipe, galvanized pipe, carbon steel pipe, erw steel pipe, square pipe, rectangular steel pipe,High Quality Hot Dipped Galvanized Steel Tube,API 5L welded spiral steel pipe,ASTM A53 / BS 1387 ERW Welded Carbon Steel Pipe,Galvanized steel rectangular and square tube,ASTM A 53 / BS1387 High Quality Hot Dipped Galvanized Steel Pipe,
Tianjin Sinosteel Win-win Steel Co, .Ltd
Tianjin, China Steel steel win-win ***** manufacturing and sales all kinds of seamless tube outer diameter 8mm ~ 720mm, wall thickness 1mm 120mm, is with the Metallurgical Steel, Tianjin Tube Company, Hengyang, Baoshan Iron Gang, Xining Special Anshan S. Megga, Wuxi , Wuhan, Hongdu, such as domestic ....
Address:Tianjin huai river road libu town, yixing with outer ring road junction (torch building), Tianjin, Tianjin, China
Product/Service:stainless steel pipe , seamless steel pipe, stainless steel plate, seamless steel plate.stainless square pipe, seamless square pipe, stainless steel strip.seamless steel strip.,Stainless steel piping,Stainless steel pipe,Stainless steel,,stainless steel pipe , seamless steel pipe, stainless steel plate, seamless steel plate.stainless square pipe, seamless square pipe, stainless steel strip.seamless steel strip.,Stainless steel piping,Stainless steel pipe,Stainless steel,
Shanghai Baosteel Construction Design&Research Institute
Shanghai Baosteel Construction Design&Research Institute who established in the year 1981 is one subsidiary of Group, and mainly engaged development production Vibration Damping Steel Sheet, Cold-rolled Forming Hollow Section, investigation for advanced process metallurgy equipment, ....
Address:No. 3801, Huaxiang Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
Product/Service:steel pipes,stainless steel pipe,erw steel tube,square steel tube steel pipes,steel tubes,mechanical erw steel tube,scaffolding pipe,hollow structural sections,hollow sections,scaffolding tubes,pre-galvanized steel,square steel tube,hollow sections,round pipe,round tube,pvc pipe,brass pipe,cast iron pipe,round steel pipe,round hollow section,steel round tubing,round stainless steel pipe,reinforcing steel rib,channel steel,reinforcing rib,reinforcing bar,u shape reinforcing rib,construction reinforcing rib,steel tubing,Big Thickness 16/20/22/25/30mm Hollow Section,Welded H-Beams,Steel Hollow Section,ERW Steel Tubing (EN10210),Square ERW Steel Hollow Section,Mild ERW Steel Pipes,Vibration Damping Steel Sheet,,steel pipes,stainless steel pipe,erw steel tube,square steel tube steel pipes,steel tubes,mechanical erw steel tube,scaffolding pipe,hollow structural sections,hollow sections,scaffolding tubes,pre-galvanized steel,square steel tube,hollow sections,round pipe,round tube,pvc pipe,brass pipe,cast iron pipe,round steel pipe,round hollow section,steel round tubing,round stainless steel pipe,reinforcing steel rib,channel steel,reinforcing rib,reinforcing bar,u shape reinforcing rib,construction reinforcing rib,steel tubing,Big Thickness 16/20/22/25/30mm Hollow Section,Welded H-Beams,Steel Hollow Section,ERW Steel Tubing (EN10210),Square ERW Steel Hollow Section,Mild ERW Steel Pipes,Vibration Damping Steel Sheet,
Hebei Qinyi Steelpipe Sales Co., Ltd.
Hebei Qinyi steel pipe sales co., Ltd is a private joint-stock enterprise, located in China's largest pipeline equipment manufacturing base - Yanshan, which belongs to Cangzhou, an ancient city famous for martial arts and acrobatics. It main joint of several major highway 50kilometres away from ....
Address:HONGKONG MID ROAD, Qingdao, Shandong, China
Product/Service:seamless steel pipe, erw welded steel pipe, spiral welded steel pipe, square & rectangular steel pipe, large diameter thick walled square pipe,RHS Rectangular Hollow Section Steel Tube,Galvanized Rectangular Hollow Section Steel Pipe,Galvanized Square Hollow Section Steel Pipe,SHS Square Hollow Section Steel Tube,DIN EN 10210 Hot Section Square Pipe S355J2H,EN10219 SHS Square Hollow Section Welded Steel Tube S235 for Sturcture,ASTM A 106 GR.B / ASTM A 53 GR.B Schedule 40 Carbon Steel Pipe,Galvanzied Seamless or Welded Carbon Steel Square Tubing,Fencing Galvanized ERW Carbon Steel Pipe ASTM A106 GR B,ASTM A53 ERW Black Carbon Steel Round Steel Pipes SCH40,,seamless steel pipe, erw welded steel pipe, spiral welded steel pipe, square & rectangular steel pipe, large diameter thick walled square pipe,RHS Rectangular Hollow Section Steel Tube,Galvanized Rectangular Hollow Section Steel Pipe,Galvanized Square Hollow Section Steel Pipe,SHS Square Hollow Section Steel Tube,DIN EN 10210 Hot Section Square Pipe S355J2H,EN10219 SHS Square Hollow Section Welded Steel Tube S235 for Sturcture,ASTM A 106 GR.B / ASTM A 53 GR.B Schedule 40 Carbon Steel Pipe,Galvanzied Seamless or Welded Carbon Steel Square Tubing,Fencing Galvanized ERW Carbon Steel Pipe ASTM A106 GR B,ASTM A53 ERW Black Carbon Steel Round Steel Pipes SCH40,
Hunan Shinestar Group(Hunan Great Steel Pipe Co., Ltd.)
We, Hunan Shinestar Group is one of the biggest steel manufacture, which made by four factories and trade company. We are specialized in seamless pipe, spiral welded pipes & galvanized pipe that all can meet international standards as ASTM, API 5L, 5CT, JIS, DIN, BS etc. (SMLS: OD0.25-30inches x ***** ....
Address:26th Floor, CTA Fortune Centre, Changsha, Hunan, China
Product/Service:carbon steel pipe, erw steel pipe, casing pipe, lsaw steel pipe, dsaw pipe, steel tube, api pipe, 3pe steel pipe, , line steel pipe, oil pipe, structure pipe, fluid pipe, mechanical pipe, precision steel pipe, square pipe.,DSAW steel pipe,LSAW steel pipe,ERW steel pipe,Welded pipe,Seamless steel pipe,,carbon steel pipe, erw steel pipe, casing pipe, lsaw steel pipe, dsaw pipe, steel tube, api pipe, 3pe steel pipe, , line steel pipe, oil pipe, structure pipe, fluid pipe, mechanical pipe, precision steel pipe, square pipe.,DSAW steel pipe,LSAW steel pipe,ERW steel pipe,Welded pipe,Seamless steel pipe,
Qingdao Wefsun Metal Material CO., Ltd
Qingdao Wefsun Metal Material Co., Ltd. locates in of China. Our company was established 1999, owning one trading (QINGDAO KAIMINGYUAN INTERNATIONAL TRADING CO., LTD.) and welding pipe manufacture factory ZHAOBO PIPE MANUFACTURING LTD.). At present it becomes most strengthened comprehensive metal ....
Address:ShuangFeng Industrial Park, ShiBei District, Qingdao, China, China
Product/Service:steel products, steel pipe, steel pipes, steel plate, steel plates, steel beams, steel beam, steel coils, steel coil, wires rod, channel, bar, angle, angles, bars, channels, plates, sheets, pipes, beams, round pipe, square pipe, galvanized pipes, galvanized round pipe, galvanized square pipe, u channel, galvanized u channel, i beam, h beam, round bar, deformed bar, square bar, cold shafting bar, angle beam, galvanized angle beam, wires rod, coils, galvanized coils, hot rolled sheet, hot rolled plate, cold rolled sheet, cold rolld plate, teardropped plate, galvanized plate, galvanized sheet, galvanized steel strip, c lipped channel, u lipped channel, elliptic steel pipe, rectangular pipe, precision steel pipe, flat beam, flat bar,,steel products, steel pipe, steel pipes, steel plate, steel plates, steel beams, steel beam, steel coils, steel coil, wires rod, channel, bar, angle, angles, bars, channels, plates, sheets, pipes, beams, round pipe, square pipe, galvanized pipes, galvanized round pipe, galvanized square pipe, u channel, galvanized u channel, i beam, h beam, round bar, deformed bar, square bar, cold shafting bar, angle beam, galvanized angle beam, wires rod, coils, galvanized coils, hot rolled sheet, hot rolled plate, cold rolled sheet, cold rolld plate, teardropped plate, galvanized plate, galvanized sheet, galvanized steel strip, c lipped channel, u lipped channel, elliptic steel pipe, rectangular pipe, precision steel pipe, flat beam, flat bar,
Tianjin Anxingda Imp&Exp Co.,Ltd.
Tianjin Anxingda Industrial Company, located at the opposite of Olympic Sports Center, is an integrated industrial company on production and sales. She has been engaged in dealing various sorts metal products, furniture bikes bike accessories. Our company, including three subsidiary companies, which ....
Address:Hongqi Road, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
Product/Service:steel coil, steel strip, steel bar, steel plate, steel rope, steel wire rope, steel sheet, galvanized steel, ungalvanized steel,strip steel , cold rolled steel strip, steel pipe, flat steel, galvanized steel rope, alloy steel, section steel, channel steel, steel product, cold rolled steel, cold rolled steel coil, carbon steel, galvanized steel coil, steel material, hot rolled steel,Hot Galvanized Steel Strips,Galvanized Steel Plate,Galvanized square steel pipe,,steel coil, steel strip, steel bar, steel plate, steel rope, steel wire rope, steel sheet, galvanized steel, ungalvanized steel,strip steel , cold rolled steel strip, steel pipe, flat steel, galvanized steel rope, alloy steel, section steel, channel steel, steel product, cold rolled steel, cold rolled steel coil, carbon steel, galvanized steel coil, steel material, hot rolled steel,Hot Galvanized Steel Strips,Galvanized Steel Plate,Galvanized square steel pipe,
Qingdao Risingsun International Co., Ltd
Our main products as bellow, please take a look if you are interest in: (1) PRODUCT: Steel Hollow Section STEEL GRADE: Q195/Q235/Q345/16Mn/St37/S235JR etc SIZE RANGE: Square:10x10mm to 600x600mm ; Rectangular: 10x20 400x600mm ROUDN :DO12.7-720mm THICKNESS 0.5mm 20mm LENGTH Normal-6meters or ....
Address:Xinli Street, Jiaozhou,Qingdao, Shandong, China
Product/Service:steel pipe manufacturer, steel pipe suppliers, steel pipe manufacturers, steel pipe price, steel hollow section supplier , square hollow section supplier,Stainless Steel Strips/Coil,Stainless Steel Strips,Steel pipe painted surface,Hot Dipped Galvanized steel pipe,Pre-Galvanized steel pipe,Square hollow section,ERW Steel pipe,,steel pipe manufacturer, steel pipe suppliers, steel pipe manufacturers, steel pipe price, steel hollow section supplier , square hollow section supplier,Stainless Steel Strips/Coil,Stainless Steel Strips,Steel pipe painted surface,Hot Dipped Galvanized steel pipe,Pre-Galvanized steel pipe,Square hollow section,ERW Steel pipe,