Pingxiang Funeng Chemical Industry Co, .LTD
Pingxiang Funeng Chemical Industry Co., Ltd is a sales branch company of Random Packings Ltd., which manufacturer tower packing, column internals used in all types chemical processes and environmental applications, Alumina Grinding Balls & Lining Bricks as grinding media with annual output up to 10000 ....
Address:Muma Industrial Area, Pingxiang, Jiangxi, China
Product/Service:ceramic ball, high alumina ball, catalyst support media, random packing, structured packing, ceramic packing, plastic packing, metal packing , honeycomb, activated alumina, molecular sieve, activated carbon, grinding ball, grinding media, alumina ball, ceramic filter, et,,ceramic ball, high alumina ball, catalyst support media, random packing, structured packing, ceramic packing, plastic packing, metal packing , honeycomb, activated alumina, molecular sieve, activated carbon, grinding ball, grinding media, alumina ball, ceramic filter, et,
Xiamen KAYA Packing Co, Ltd.
Xiamen KAYA Packing Co., Ltd. is a professional manufacturer and exporter in packaging industry. Our products are gift packing(gift bag, box), Shopping non-woven Food T-Shirt Rubbish bag , Label, Sticker, Carton box, pizza box etc. The materials there wood, metal, paperboard, cardboard plastic (PP, ....
Address:No.9 JIaxingli, Xiamen, China
Product/Service:velvet cover boxes,gift packing boxes,dress packaging bag,food packing bag,shopping paper bags,paper bags,green shopping bags,non woven tote bags,eco friendly bag,nonwoven bags,nonwoven shopping bags,tea packaging box,coffee packaging box,commodity packaging box,shipping corrugated box,goods packing box,good packaging carton,food packing plastic bag,vegetable packing bags,environment friendly bag,camping backpack,fast food packaging boxes,paperboard pizza box,pizza delivery boxes,Paper Bag,Non Woven Bag,Paper Board Boxes,Corrugated Box,,velvet cover boxes,gift packing boxes,dress packaging bag,food packing bag,shopping paper bags,paper bags,green shopping bags,non woven tote bags,eco friendly bag,nonwoven bags,nonwoven shopping bags,tea packaging box,coffee packaging box,commodity packaging box,shipping corrugated box,goods packing box,good packaging carton,food packing plastic bag,vegetable packing bags,environment friendly bag,camping backpack,fast food packaging boxes,paperboard pizza box,pizza delivery boxes,Paper Bag,Non Woven Bag,Paper Board Boxes,Corrugated Box,
Xiamen No.1 Vacuum Forming Packaging Co., Ltd.
Xiamen NO.1 Vacuum Forming Packaging Co., Ltd. was established in 2006. Our company has ten years of vacuum forming experience product design, development and manufacture with advanced professional plastic process technology. Experienced staff members state the art equipment make sure first-class ....
Address:Sunban, Xiamen, Fujian, China
Product/Service:blister packing, plastic packing,Plastic clamshell,Clamshell packaging for hardware,Flocking bliter packaging,Food tray,Blister packing, plastic packing box,Blister packing,Electronic blister packing, blister packing,Electronic blister packing,,blister packing, plastic packing,Plastic clamshell,Clamshell packaging for hardware,Flocking bliter packaging,Food tray,Blister packing, plastic packing box,Blister packing,Electronic blister packing, blister packing,Electronic blister packing,
Wuxi Yangjian Huaqiang Packing Material Co., Ltd
Wuxi Yangjian Huaqiang Packing Material Co., Ltd, established at 1973, near 40 years in packing material industry. We are ISO9001, ISO4001 certificated manufacturer, mainly products Aluminum-plastic composite films and pouches for Pharmaceutical packing. In 2006, we build the new workshop conform to ....
Address:No. 8, Area B, Yangjian Industry Zone, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
Product/Service:flexiable packing compsite film and aluminum filmsl,PTP aluminum foil for Pharmaceutical packing,PET/AL/CPP aluminum foil tape for Pharmaceutical packing,BOPP/AL/PE aluminum roll for Pharmaceutical packing,PET/AL/PE aluminum foils for Pharmaceutical packing,BOPP/VMCPP laminated foil for Pharmaceutical packing,PET/VMPET/PE aluminum film for Pharmaceutical packing,BOPP/LDPE packing foil for Pharmaceutical packing,,flexiable packing compsite film and aluminum filmsl,PTP aluminum foil for Pharmaceutical packing,PET/AL/CPP aluminum foil tape for Pharmaceutical packing,BOPP/AL/PE aluminum roll for Pharmaceutical packing,PET/AL/PE aluminum foils for Pharmaceutical packing,BOPP/VMCPP laminated foil for Pharmaceutical packing,PET/VMPET/PE aluminum film for Pharmaceutical packing,BOPP/LDPE packing foil for Pharmaceutical packing,
Shenzhen O-Young Packaging Products Co., Ltd.
Shenzhen O-Young Packaging Products Co., Ltd. is located in Longgang District, (Shenzhen, southern China near the city) a professional manufacturer of all kinds packing bags, such as plastic food shopping paper bags and so on. Our company has introduced full range advanced equipments, for example: ....
Address:JinHaoYuan Industrial Park,Xinmuxinyuan Industrial Zone, PingHu Town,LongGuang District,ShenZhen,Chi, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
Product/Service:packing products, plastic packing bags, food packing bags, shopping bags etc.,Plastic bag for food/shopping/packing,Custom luxury paper shopping bag,Custom paper shopping bag /luxury paper shopping bag,Non woven or woven shopping bag,Plastic packaging bag manufacturer,Plastic packaging bag / pouches for food,Customize plastic packaging bag,Plastic food packing bag,Plastic food packing bag,Plastic food packing bag with zipper,,packing products, plastic packing bags, food packing bags, shopping bags etc.,Plastic bag for food/shopping/packing,Custom luxury paper shopping bag,Custom paper shopping bag /luxury paper shopping bag,Non woven or woven shopping bag,Plastic packaging bag manufacturer,Plastic packaging bag / pouches for food,Customize plastic packaging bag,Plastic food packing bag,Plastic food packing bag,Plastic food packing bag with zipper,
Wuxi Glory Plastics Co., Ltd
Wuxi Glory Plastics Co., ltd. was established in 1995, occupying 12, 000 square meters, with more than 150 staffs. Take a fast train, it's about one hour from Shanghai to our factory. We are specialized manufacturing variety kinds of plastic products and mold, like caps, screws, gears, bucket, ....
Address:Xibei Town, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
Product/Service:aluminium cap,metal cap,bottle caps,metal bottle caps,aluminium bottle caps,cosmetic aluminium cap,cosmetic jar cap,cosmetic metal cap,cosmetic screw cap,induction seal,cap seal,bottle cap seal,induction cap seal,induction bottle cap seal,packaging handle,plastic packaging handles,plastic handle,plastic packing bag handle,blister packaging boxes,blister packing boxes,packing boxes,packaging boxes,packing supplies,packaging foam sheet,foam sheets,polyurethane foam sheets,packing foam sheets,Aluminium Caps,Cosmetic Aluminium Caps,Aluminium Induction Seals,Blister Packaging Boxes,,aluminium cap,metal cap,bottle caps,metal bottle caps,aluminium bottle caps,cosmetic aluminium cap,cosmetic jar cap,cosmetic metal cap,cosmetic screw cap,induction seal,cap seal,bottle cap seal,induction cap seal,induction bottle cap seal,packaging handle,plastic packaging handles,plastic handle,plastic packing bag handle,blister packaging boxes,blister packing boxes,packing boxes,packaging boxes,packing supplies,packaging foam sheet,foam sheets,polyurethane foam sheets,packing foam sheets,Aluminium Caps,Cosmetic Aluminium Caps,Aluminium Induction Seals,Blister Packaging Boxes,
M.S Engineering
This supplier has not provided a Company Introduction yet..
Address:Ls 1 Block 6 F. B Area
Product/Service:Snack Packing Machine, Food Packing, Potato Finger Chips, Nimco Packing Machine, Dry Fruits Packing Machine, , Liquid Chocolate Packing Machine,Snack Packing Machine,,Snack Packing Machine, Food Packing, Potato Finger Chips, Nimco Packing Machine, Dry Fruits Packing Machine, , Liquid Chocolate Packing Machine,Snack Packing Machine,
Tianjin Hayetoda Packing Machinery Co.,Ltd
Tianjin Hayetoda Packing Machinery Company is located in Beichen Technology Industrial Park, closed to Jinjingtang Expressway, Outer Ring Road, Jingjin with very convenient transportation. Since 1999, the advancedtechnologyofcontinuousexploration, research and application, numerous high rank ....
Address:Other, China
Product/Service:packing machine:tea bag packing machine, powder packing machine, granule packing machine, liquid and sauce packing machine, we also manufacture filling machines.,,packing machine:tea bag packing machine, powder packing machine, granule packing machine, liquid and sauce packing machine, we also manufacture filling machines.,
WOD Marking System Technology Co., Ltd
WOD Marking System Technology Co., Ltd is the first and largest factory in thermal transfer ribbon hot stamping foil China. Recently we are focusing on these material relevant machinery. TTR business become a leading this line All polyester films directly imported from Japan to make sure high quality.We ....
Address:2 Unit,18 Building C.District,Qingyanliu , YIWU, ZHEJIANG, China
Product/Service:coding machine,code printer,paper coder,paper coding machine,sealers,pedal sealer,pedal heat sealer,sealing machines,packaging machine,package sealing machine,packing machine,vertical packaging machine,food packing machine,biscuit packing machine,bread packing machine,foils,cable foils,copper foil,cable materials foil,stamping foil,colored foils,hot stamping foil,ink roll,hot ink rolls,solid ink roll,hot melt ink,textile stamping foil,color hot stamping foil,ink ribbon roll,printing ink roll,Coding Machine,Pedal Sealer,Sealing Machine,Vertical Packing Machine,Pillow Packing Machine,,coding machine,code printer,paper coder,paper coding machine,sealers,pedal sealer,pedal heat sealer,sealing machines,packaging machine,package sealing machine,packing machine,vertical packaging machine,food packing machine,biscuit packing machine,bread packing machine,foils,cable foils,copper foil,cable materials foil,stamping foil,colored foils,hot stamping foil,ink roll,hot ink rolls,solid ink roll,hot melt ink,textile stamping foil,color hot stamping foil,ink ribbon roll,printing ink roll,Coding Machine,Pedal Sealer,Sealing Machine,Vertical Packing Machine,Pillow Packing Machine,
Shruti Packaging
SHRUTI PACKAGING Factory - 11, Shiva industrial estate, Near TATA power greed, Maruti mandir marg, Bhandup (W.)Mumbai-400078 TEL- 2595 9872, 6829, 5274 URL:- www.shrutipackaging.com E-mail:- [email protected] [email protected], ....
Address:lake Road, Mumbai, maharashtra, India
Product/Service:Packaging machines Flow wrap machines Pouch packing machines Milk packing machines Granule packing machines Juice packing machines Pepsi machine Oil packing machines Filling machines Bagging machines FFS machines Auger Weigh filler Sachet making ,,Packaging machines Flow wrap machines Pouch packing machines Milk packing machines Granule packing machines Juice packing machines Pepsi machine Oil packing machines Filling machines Bagging machines FFS machines Auger Weigh filler Sachet making ,
Qingdao Sanweihe Machinery Manufacture Co., Ltd.
Qingdao Sanweihe Machinery Manufacture Co., Ltd is a manufacturer company which specialized in packaging machines with rich experiences this field. At present, our products cover five categories of more than ten varieties and their auxiliary product. These apply to package the blocky articles, such as ....
Address:No. 23-2, Xiangtan Road, Licang District, Qingdao, Shandong, China
Product/Service:packing machine,Automatic Packing Machine for Mosquito Mat,Automatic Angle Break Packing Machine Without Pallet,Automatic Packing Machine,Automatic Bulk Noodle Packing Machine,Heat Shrink Automatic Packing Machine,Film Feeding From Blow Automatic Packing Machine,Packing Machine Without Pallet,Double Servo Moto Automatic Packing Machine,,packing machine,Automatic Packing Machine for Mosquito Mat,Automatic Angle Break Packing Machine Without Pallet,Automatic Packing Machine,Automatic Bulk Noodle Packing Machine,Heat Shrink Automatic Packing Machine,Film Feeding From Blow Automatic Packing Machine,Packing Machine Without Pallet,Double Servo Moto Automatic Packing Machine,
Albasit India Packaging
The company formed in the year 1999 as A-class Spare Parts Manufacturer diversified into field of packaging by name Albasit India Packaging. In 2007, growth industry is far behind overall economic where came need custom-built machines to improve upon prevailing packing standards. company, Packaging ....
Address:3, Faridabad, Haryana, India
Product/Service:flexible packaging machine, liner carton machine, ffs machine, flow wrap machine, multi track ffs machine, pouch packing machine, form filling & sealing machine, wrapping machine, liquid packing machine, oil packing machine, automatic packaging machine,Automatic Liner Carton Liquid Packing Machine,Liner Carton FFS Powder Packing Machine,Multi Track Powder Packaging Machine,Multi Track Oil Packing Machine,Automatic Horizontal Flow Wrap Machine,Pouch Packing Machine,Pneumatic Form Fill & Seal Machine,Automatic Collar Type FFS Machine,Two Head Collar Type Ffs Machine,,flexible packaging machine, liner carton machine, ffs machine, flow wrap machine, multi track ffs machine, pouch packing machine, form filling & sealing machine, wrapping machine, liquid packing machine, oil packing machine, automatic packaging machine,Automatic Liner Carton Liquid Packing Machine,Liner Carton FFS Powder Packing Machine,Multi Track Powder Packaging Machine,Multi Track Oil Packing Machine,Automatic Horizontal Flow Wrap Machine,Pouch Packing Machine,Pneumatic Form Fill & Seal Machine,Automatic Collar Type FFS Machine,Two Head Collar Type Ffs Machine,
Shenzhen Andly Packing Equipment Co., Ltd
Shenzhen andly packing equipment co., ltd was established in 1998, more than 10 years professional manufacture of equipments. Main products:vacuum machine, shrink sealing machine etc. Most our products are exported to all the world. ....
Address:shiyan, shenzhen, guangdong, China
Product/Service:vacuum packing machine, shrink packing machine, sealing machine, vacuum-skin packing machine, wrapping machine, automation equipment etc.,Table type vacuum packing machine,Vacuum packing machine,L style sealer and shrink machine,Shrink machine,Vacuum packing machine,Vacuum packing machine,,vacuum packing machine, shrink packing machine, sealing machine, vacuum-skin packing machine, wrapping machine, automation equipment etc.,Table type vacuum packing machine,Vacuum packing machine,L style sealer and shrink machine,Shrink machine,Vacuum packing machine,Vacuum packing machine,
Guangzhou Andly Packing Equipment Co., Ltd.
Guangzhou Andly Packing Equipment Co., ltd is a manufacturer specializing in packing machines . We have been line of exporting for 7 years. Our markets include America, Europe, the Middle East, Asia and Africa. provide full service 1 year warranty.We CE certificate. ....
Address:1205/F,Haoyun Building,Xingangdong Road376,Haizhu District,Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
Product/Service:packing machine, cup-box packing machine, vacuum packing machine, shrink packing machine, automatic sealing machine.,Box packing machine,Food packing machine,Vacuum sealing machine,,packing machine, cup-box packing machine, vacuum packing machine, shrink packing machine, automatic sealing machine.,Box packing machine,Food packing machine,Vacuum sealing machine,
Foshan Kendy Intelligent Machinery Co., Ltd
Foshan Kendy Intelligent Machinery Co. Ltd is one of the private high-tech enterprises, which specialized in flow measurement liquid automatic filling, sorting food packaging, and other related machinery that used to do research development, production, sales after-sales service. We emphasizes on ....
Address:Nanhai District, Foshan, Guangdong, China
Product/Service:box packing machine, box sealing machine, hot melt adhesive machine, biscuit machine, hollow biscuit machine, special biscuit machine, feed packing line, food processing line, product packing line, liquid pumping machine, sorting machine,KD-S200 rodlike product packing line,KD-S100 full automatic wafer stick packing line,KD-S500 food processing line, packing line,KD-PL-H100 semi-automatic and adjustable tissue box packing machine,KD-PL-H200J1 semi-automatic adjustable box sealing machine,,box packing machine, box sealing machine, hot melt adhesive machine, biscuit machine, hollow biscuit machine, special biscuit machine, feed packing line, food processing line, product packing line, liquid pumping machine, sorting machine,KD-S200 rodlike product packing line,KD-S100 full automatic wafer stick packing line,KD-S500 food processing line, packing line,KD-PL-H100 semi-automatic and adjustable tissue box packing machine,KD-PL-H200J1 semi-automatic adjustable box sealing machine,
Shanghai Yiqi Pharmaceutical Machinery Co., Ltd
Our company, Shanghai Yiqi pharmaceutical machinery co., Ltd manufactures and related packing machines with over 20 years of experiences on both manufacturing trading. product ranges: Tablet press line, Herb Low temperature Extracting & Concentrating Line, Pill making FL Granulator Dryer , High ....
Address:kangjiao, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
Product/Service:packing machine, blister packing machine, strip packing machine, cartoning machine, tablet press, capsule filling machine, crusher, mixer, dryer,High Speed Automatic Flat-Plate Blister Packing Machine,Roller Type High Speed Automatic Al-Pl Blister Packing Machine,Automatic Flat plate blister packing machine,Automatic checking Blister Packing machine,,packing machine, blister packing machine, strip packing machine, cartoning machine, tablet press, capsule filling machine, crusher, mixer, dryer,High Speed Automatic Flat-Plate Blister Packing Machine,Roller Type High Speed Automatic Al-Pl Blister Packing Machine,Automatic Flat plate blister packing machine,Automatic checking Blister Packing machine,
Shanghai Zili Plastic Packing Products Co.,Ltd
We have two factory, both lies in Shanghai Nanxiang High-tech Park, the one is Zili Plastic Products Co., Ltd, specialized manufacturing&exporting PP, PET Straps, and other special straps, such as Protective electrostatic Strap, Bundle Bank Paper Glossy Rusty Strap&Heaving Straps etc. The Qingxing ....
Address:No. 755 Meiyu Road, Nanxiang High-tech Park, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
Product/Service:pp strap,pet strap,glossy strap,bundle bank paper strap,automatic packing machine,semi-automatic machine,pneumatic packing machine,recharge packing machine,manual packing tool,pe stretch film,opp packing tape,,PP Strap,,pp strap,pet strap,glossy strap,bundle bank paper strap,automatic packing machine,semi-automatic machine,pneumatic packing machine,recharge packing machine,manual packing tool,pe stretch film,opp packing tape,,PP Strap,
Enlight International Packing Machinery Co.,
EnLight International Packing Co., LTD is a leader company that designs and produce markets packing relativ products. Since the inception of company, has been adhering to "technology first, quality-oriented" business ideas, create sophisticated quality packaging machinery material, products year ....
Address:TianHe area, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
Product/Service:packing machine, packaging machinery, packing, bag packing machine, filling machinery, air cushion packing machine, automatic pillow bag packing machine,Powder filling machine,Automatic capping machine,Liquid/paste bottle filling line,Flow pack horizontal machine,Water production packaging line,,packing machine, packaging machinery, packing, bag packing machine, filling machinery, air cushion packing machine, automatic pillow bag packing machine,Powder filling machine,Automatic capping machine,Liquid/paste bottle filling line,Flow pack horizontal machine,Water production packaging line,
Tian Cherng Packing Machinery Corporation
Established in 1986.Specilizes packing machinery. We strive to automate your line and reduce cost while maximizing space. Especially the main machines below: 1. Auto / Semi Carton Sealing Machines2. Film Stretch Wrapping Machines3. Shrink Packing Machines4. Strapping Machines5. Automatic Systems6. ....
Address:360. Alley 60. Lane 27. Sec. 1. Chenggong Rd. , Gueiren Township Tainan County 711. Taiwan, R. O. C
Product/Service:Auto / Semi Carton Sealing Machines,Auto Film Stretch Wrapping Machines,Auto Film Shrink Packing Machines,Auto / Semi Strapping Machines,Automatic Systems,Vaccum Packing Machines,Vacuum Tube Easy Lifting,PP Band Division , Chain Plate + Roller Conveyors,Stainless Steel Vacuum Packing Machine tc-76 / 39p,Stainless Steel Vacuum Packing Machine tc-1150,Stainless Steel Nozzle Type Vacuum Packing Machine TC-1200pos / Pov,Full Auto Strapping Machine TC-8560A,Full Auto Arrow Wearing Type Palletized Strapping Machine TC-3864yao,Standard Type Auto Strapping Machine TC-303a,Shrink Packing Machine TC-40 / 20pof,Sleeve Cylinder Type Sealing Packing Machine TC-703,Full Auto L Type Sealing And Shrink Packing Machine TC-L504,Full Auto Turntable Type Wrapping Machine TC-2023arf,Fixed Type Auto Stretch Wrapping Machine TC-1521f,Full Auto Erector & Sealer TC-501t,Top Flap Folder & Carton Sealer TC-301fb,Op & Bottom Belts Driven Carton Sealer TC-104s,Fully Auto Palletizer,Movable Auto Stretch Wrapping Machine,Fully Auto Carton Sealing + Cross Strapping System,Fully Auto Palletizing System,Fully Auto Palletizer,Fully Auto Carton Erector + Fully Auto Bag Inserter,Auto Carton Sealing + Fully Auto Strapping System,Full Auto Turntable Type Wrapping Machine,Fully Auto Pallet Stretch Wrappping Machine +,Moveable Auto Stretch Wrapping Machine,Fixed Type Auto Stretch Wrapping Machine,Stretch Wrapping Machine With Top Pressure Plate,Auto Pallet Wrapping Machine,Movable Auto Stretch Wrapping Machine,Movable Auto Stretch Wrapping Machine,Moveable Auto Stretch Wrapping Machine,Four-Sides Carton Edge Sealer (L Type),,Auto / Semi Carton Sealing Machines,Auto Film Stretch Wrapping Machines,Auto Film Shrink Packing Machines,Auto / Semi Strapping Machines,Automatic Systems,Vaccum Packing Machines,Vacuum Tube Easy Lifting,PP Band Division , Chain Plate + Roller Conveyors,Stainless Steel Vacuum Packing Machine tc-76 / 39p,Stainless Steel Vacuum Packing Machine tc-1150,Stainless Steel Nozzle Type Vacuum Packing Machine TC-1200pos / Pov,Full Auto Strapping Machine TC-8560A,Full Auto Arrow Wearing Type Palletized Strapping Machine TC-3864yao,Standard Type Auto Strapping Machine TC-303a,Shrink Packing Machine TC-40 / 20pof,Sleeve Cylinder Type Sealing Packing Machine TC-703,Full Auto L Type Sealing And Shrink Packing Machine TC-L504,Full Auto Turntable Type Wrapping Machine TC-2023arf,Fixed Type Auto Stretch Wrapping Machine TC-1521f,Full Auto Erector & Sealer TC-501t,Top Flap Folder & Carton Sealer TC-301fb,Op & Bottom Belts Driven Carton Sealer TC-104s,Fully Auto Palletizer,Movable Auto Stretch Wrapping Machine,Fully Auto Carton Sealing + Cross Strapping System,Fully Auto Palletizing System,Fully Auto Palletizer,Fully Auto Carton Erector + Fully Auto Bag Inserter,Auto Carton Sealing + Fully Auto Strapping System,Full Auto Turntable Type Wrapping Machine,Fully Auto Pallet Stretch Wrappping Machine +,Moveable Auto Stretch Wrapping Machine,Fixed Type Auto Stretch Wrapping Machine,Stretch Wrapping Machine With Top Pressure Plate,Auto Pallet Wrapping Machine,Movable Auto Stretch Wrapping Machine,Movable Auto Stretch Wrapping Machine,Moveable Auto Stretch Wrapping Machine,Four-Sides Carton Edge Sealer (L Type),
RUIAN MICROSOFT MACHINERY CO., LTD
Rui'an branded Machine Co., Ltd. is located in the coast of East Sea, base Chinese Packaging Machinery and Pharmacy ----Ruian. Our factory a professional joint stock company, which specialized design, develop manufacture various packaging machinery pharmacy machinery. Since its establishment, ....
Address:Xinfeng Industry Zone, Ruian, Zhengjiang, China
Product/Service:wet tissue packing machine , disposable napkin packing machine, condom packing machine, chinese packing machine, chinese packaging machinery , packing machine manufacturer,,wet tissue packing machine , disposable napkin packing machine, condom packing machine, chinese packing machine, chinese packaging machinery , packing machine manufacturer,